Three cards from the deck, as you will see them in BrainBerry: the question, the answer, and an explanation of why.
Key concepts in biology
20 g of water rises by 15 degrees C when 0.50 g of a food is burned. Calculate the energy per gram of the food.
Answer
Energy transferred = 20 x 4.2 x 15 = 1260 J. Energy per gram = 1260 / 0.50 = 2520 J/g, which is about 2.5 kJ/g.
Why
Work out the total energy first, then divide by the mass of food; dividing by the mass of water instead is the commonest slip. This method always underestimates the true value, so a low answer is expected.
Health, disease and the development of medicines
How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define health?
Answer
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Why
Learn all three words - physical, mental and social. A common exam error is to define health only as 'not being ill'. The WHO wording deliberately rejects that, because a person can be free of any diagnosed disease and still not be healthy.
Ecosystems and material cycles
How do you calculate a rate of decay? A 200 g pile of grass cuttings has a mass of 80 g after 30 days.
Answer
Rate of decay = change in mass / time taken. The mass lost is 200 - 80 = 120 g, so the mean rate is 120 / 30 = 4 g per day.
Why
Always give the unit, here grams per day. The value is a mean: decay is usually fastest at the start, when there is most material and it is easiest to digest, and slows as the tough remains are left.